The Foundation Years RSS feed: Current Issue. PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS JOURNAL CEASED PUBLICATION IN 2009 The Foundation Years journal provides up-to-date review articles on practical issues for foundation year doctors. As a bi-monthly journal, this resource constitutes part of the recommended reading for all Foundation year doctors enrolled on the Royal College of Surgeons of England distance learning programme, STEP™ (Surgical Training Education Programme) Foundation. The resource is suited to all foundation year doctors (both F1 and F2 level), reflecting the key requirements highlighted in the Foundation Programme syllabus: (i) generic skills; (ii) acute care; (iii) investigations; (iv) practical procedures, and; (v) testing yourself. The journal achieves this by providing the reader with review articles covering those key areas of the curriculum. At the end of every issue, there will be a case history quiz to test your knowledge and diagnostic skills. Each article has previously been specially commissioned and published for an existing journal: Medicine, Surgery, Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine or Psychiatry . This will enable the reader to benefit from the highest quality advice and training which specialists from across the UK are able to provide. The journal will be complementary to Medicine , which will continue to provide basic medical education in a structured format. Content from 2005 through to 2009 is available on http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The Foundation Years1744-188952March 2009 © 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS174418890900019X/abstract?rss=yesContents10.1016/S1744-1889(09)00019-XThe Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4iihttp://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188909000206/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S1744-1889(09)00020-6The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4iihttp://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002569/abstract?rss=yesThis edition of The Foundation Years deals with the common acute presentations in children. Many young doctors who have not yet had the profound learning experience of having their own offspring will find the prospect of treating children the more frightening the smaller the patient.Caring for children – safe and effective practiceHeather Payne10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.007The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Editorial4142http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002508/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article covers four major topics in paediatrics. Knowledge of their management is important for any Foundation Doctor working within the paediatric department. The febrile child is a common referral to any paediatric unit. Most febrile children are suffering from simple viral illnesses, but occasionally a fever is a sign of a life-threatening illness, such as meningitis. If meningitis is suspected, it is vital to carry out appropriate investigations before treatment is started. There are multiple causes of meningitis, so accurate interpretation of investigations is important in order to manage children appropriately. Diabetes is a complex multi-systemic condition, which has an increasing incidence. There are many pitfalls in its management, both on first presentation and in long-term care. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) continues to have a significant mortality if not recognised early and treated appropriately. Neonatology is a vast subject that can only be touched upon in this article. Junior doctors working within paediatrics are often the first port of call for problems on postnatal wards, and therefore need to have a basic understanding of common neonatal problems to initiate management.The acutely ill child or neonateArveen Kamath, Daniel Rigler10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.001The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care4347http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002557/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: A Foundation Doctor working in a Paediatric or Accident and Emergency department will definitely encounter children with breathing difficulties, and most of these children will have upper or lower respiratory tract illnesses, few of which may present as potentially life-threatening emergencies. It is important to remember that young children and infants may develop respiratory failure more readily than older children and adults. Some of the common respiratory conditions presenting with breathing difficulty in infants and children are bronchiolitis, croup and acute asthma. The diagnosis of all of these is clinical. This article discusses how to use the A-B-C-D-E approach when faced with a child with breathing difficulty while waiting for senior help. The clinical features of croup, bronchiolitis and acute asthma and their management are discussed, highlighting important ‘dos and don’ts’.Breathing difficulties and asthmaVaishali Patel10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.005The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care4853http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002466/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article describes the priorities in management of children and young people presenting with the oft-quoted triad of fits, faints and funny turns. It emphasizes the importance of getting an accurate history, and outlines the various diagnostic possibilities.Fits, faints and funny turnsDuncan Cameron10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.11.007The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care5457http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002521/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Abdominal pain is a very common presenting complaint in the Paediatric age group. It is important to remember that like any other problem in paediatrics, different age groups have differing common presentations and causes. A systematic approach to the problem with good history taking and clinical examination goes a long way in management.One convenient method of classification is acute, chronic and acute-on-chronic abdominal pain.This article gives you a practical approach to abdominal pain in children and also gives you the most common causes in each group.The other important clinical scenario is gastroenteritis and management of dehydration. I have tried to keep the management as practical as possible, but it is always important to remember to ask for appropriate advice from seniors when in doubt. Also, remember to refer to the local guidelines on the unit.Abdominal pain, gastroenteritis and dehydrationDeepa Narasimhaiah10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.003The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care5861http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002491/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The management of the acutely injured child can be a daunting task for any junior doctor. This need not be the case if a calm and methodical approach is employed throughout the assessment. The principles of taking a complete history, including the mechanism of injury, will provide indicators as to the pattern of injury, and a thorough examination will confirm your suspicions. The incidence of fractures in children is twice that of adults1 therefore any doctor working in an emergency environment needs to be confident in dealing with the injured child. Paediatric trauma personnel should also have knowledge of advanced paediatric life support, which is beyond the scope of this article and should be read further elsewhere.The injured childEleanor Clare Carpenter10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.11.010The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care6266http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002533/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Substance misuse and intoxication is a growing problem In children and young people; the rates of substance use in this age group in the UK are the highest in Europe. This article explores the common substances of abuse, their clinical presentation and general principles of management. More information can be accessed from any good textbook of psychiatry.Substance misuse and intoxication in adolescentsDave Williams, Vineet Padmanabhan10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.004The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care6771http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002545/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article explores history taking, identifying risk factors and general principles of management of young people presenting with deliberate self-harm. This article explores the risk factors which are associated with deliberate self-harm and their importance in assessment and management. The reader is advised to refer to more detailed texts, national and international guidelines for further information.Deliberate self-harmDave Williams, Vineet Padmanabhan10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.006The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Acute care7274http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS174418890800248X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: A large proportion of the NHS workload involves dealing with children. An understanding of the special needs of this diverse group is necessary in order to manage successfully patients and their carers. This article gives a brief overview of some communication skills for use with children. It also gives a breakdown of the legal issues surrounding consent and parental responsibility and wider issues relating to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Some paediatric ethical dilemmas are also explored. This article is relevant to both prospective paediatricians and those aspiring to any speciality involving work with children.The particular needs of children and adolescents – not just little adultsCatrin Horsman10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.11.008The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Professional skills7578http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002478/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article gives a brief history of safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children, and an overview of recognition and referral of child protection concerns. The reader is advised to refer to Trust and Local or National child protection procedures for further management.Child protection: basics of recognition and referralRafi M. Gani, Christopher Woolley10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.11.009The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Professional skills7983http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908002570/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Hip pain is a common complaint in both children and adolescents. The diagnostic challenge lies not only in the difficulties of history and examination in the paediatric population, and that hip pathology can be referred from other sites, but also that the differentials are broad. Although an accurate history and clinical evaluation are vital in narrowing this wide differential, imaging plays a key role in establishing an accurate diagnosis. The various imaging modalities available, together with the common causes of non-traumatic hip pain within the paediatric population, are reviewed in this article.Imaging of the symptomatic paediatric hipDeena Neriman, Rizwan Basit, David C. Howlett10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.12.008The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Imaging8487http://www.foundationyearsjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1744188908001667/abstract?rss=yesIf I could set the medical research agenda for the next ten years, it would lead to a significant re-ordering of current research priorities. The amount of research money spent on diseases which cause completely preventable deaths among the poor, such as diarrhoeal disease, acute respiratory tract infection or malaria, is trivial compared to that which is spent on research into the diseases of affluence. This is sad because the great majority of the children, pregnant mothers and other vulnerable groups who die in developing world settings do so with a single problem which would be relatively easily solved by medical interventions. The map below () shows infant mortality, but the pattern would be the same for almost any age group, for maternal mortality, and for any condition from cervical carcinoma through almost all infectious diseases to malnutrition (see ).If I could set the medical research agenda for the next ten yearsChristopher J.M. Whitty10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.08.012The Foundation Years 5, 2 (2009)2009-03-01The Foundation Years2009-03-0152S1744-1889(09)X0003-4Academic8889